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KMID : 1159320170190010029
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Korean Journal of Vision Science
2017 Volume.19 No. 1 p.29 ~ p.39
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Acute and Chronic Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Pupil Size, Accommodation and Tear film
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Kim Yeon-Hee
Lee Koon-Ja
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Abstract
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Purpose: To evaluate the acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking on pupil size, accommodation and tear film.
Methods: Thirty non-smokers and twenty-five cigarette smokers were recruited. For acute effect of smoking all smoking subjects were asked to smoke an identical single cigarette containing 0.5 mg nicotine. Photopic and mesopic pupil sizes, contrast visual acuities, contrast sensitivities, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), accommodations and tear-film stability were measured before smoking and immediately after smoking. The pupil sizes and HOA were measured with Pupilometer (VIP, NeurOptics) and Wavefront Analyzer (KR-1W) as 4 mm area of pupil size respectively. 100% and 10% contrast visual acuity, and contrast sensitivities were measured and amplitude of accommodations were assessed by push-up method and the tear film stability was assessed by TBUT (tear break-up time). For the chronic effect of smoking, all measurements of the cigarette smokers without smoking were compared with those of non-smokers.
Results: For acute effect of smoking, pupil size decreased significantly after smoking regardless of illuminance and luminance level (p<0.05). The low contrast visual acuities in photopic and mesopic conditions were improved (p<0.05). The contrast sensitivity and the higher-orderaberration were not significantly different (p>0.05), the amplitudes of accommodation and tear film stability were decreased significantly after smoking (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Acute effect of smoking resulted in decreased pupil size, accommodation, and tear film stability, and improved in low contrast visual acuity. However, chronic effect of smoking has no influence on pupil size, visual acuity, accommodation, tear film stability that it is thought that smoking has temporary effect on visual function.
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KEYWORD
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Smoking, Pupil size, Accommodation, Tear film stability, Visual func
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